Length Ural mountains from north to south more than 2000 km, width - from 50 to 150 km. The Urals are the border between Europe and Asia. The nature of the Urals is unusually diverse - from the blue tundras and harsh alpine peaks of the Polar Urals to the fertile
plowed steppes of the Southern Urals.
1) On contour map Urals (p. 93) sign the names of its main parts: Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle, Southern, and also show the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals.
2) Define geographical coordinates extreme points of the Urals:
northern 68°N, 65°E
southern 53°N, 57°E
3) What is the name of the highest peak of the Urals? How tall is she?
Answer: Narodnaya (1895 m)
4) Which part of the Ural Mountains is the highest?
Answer: Subpolar part
5) Which part of the Ural Mountains is the lowest?
Answer: Middle part
6) Determine which mineral resources the Urals are especially rich in. Explain why.
7) Using the atlas maps and the text of the textbook, determine what differences exist in climatic conditions:
a) Northern and Southern Urals
Northern: large amount of precipitation, area of excessive moisture,
winter is mild, snowy and long. Summer is cold, rainy, cool.
Southern: cold winters, warm, dry summers, insufficient precipitation
b) Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals
different amounts of precipitation. The climate of the Urals is less severe. In the Urals
Spruce forests are common
+ State the reasons for the differences:
The Ural Mountains are an obstacle to the Atlantic air masses
8) On the outline map of the Urals (p. 93), highlight the cities whose names
they talk about the presence of mineral deposits near them.
The Ural Mountains, formed due to the collision of the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates, for Russia are a unique natural and geographical object. They are the only mountain range crossing the country and dividing the state to the European and Asian parts.
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Geographical location
Any schoolchild knows which country the Ural Mountains are located in. This massif is a chain that is located between the East European and West Siberian plains.
It is stretched so that it divides the largest into 2 continents: Europe and Asia. Starting from the shore of the Arctic Ocean, it ends in the Kazakh desert. It stretches from south to north, and the length in some places reaches 2,600 km.
The geographical location of the Ural mountains passes almost everywhere parallel to the 60th meridian.
If you look at the map, you can see the following: the central region is located strictly vertically, the northern region turns to the northeast, and the southern region turns to the southwest. Moreover, in this place the ridge merges with the nearby hills.
Although the Urals are considered the border between continents, there is no exact geological line. Therefore it is believed that they belong to Europe, and the line dividing the mainland runs along the eastern foothills.
Important! The Urals are rich in natural, historical, cultural and archaeological values.
The structure of the mountain system
In the chronicles of the 11th century, the Ural mountain system is mentioned as Earth belt. This name is explained by the length of the ridge. Conventionally, it is divided into 5 areas:
- Polar.
- Subpolar.
- Northern.
- Average.
- South.
The mountain range partially covers the northern regions of Kazakhstan and 7 Russian regions:
- Arkhangelsk region
- Komi Republic.
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
- Perm region.
- Sverdlovsk region.
- Chelyabinsk region.
- Orenburg region.
Attention! The widest part of the mountain range is located in the Southern Urals.
Location of the Ural Mountains on the map.
Structure and relief
The first mention and description of the Ural Mountains comes from ancient times, but they were formed much earlier. This happened under the interaction of rocks of different configurations and ages. In some areas they are still preserved remnants of deep faults and elements of oceanic rocks. The system was formed almost at the same time as Altai, but subsequently it experienced smaller uplifts, resulting in a small “altitude” of the peaks.
Attention! The advantage over the high Altai is that there are no earthquakes in the Urals, so it is much safer for living.
Minerals
The long-term resistance of volcanic structures to the force of the wind was the result of the formation of numerous attractions created by nature. These include caves, grottoes, rocks and so on. In addition, in the mountains there are huge mineral reserves, primarily ore, from which the following chemical elements are obtained:
- Iron.
- Copper.
- Nickel.
- Aluminum.
- Manganese.
Making a description of the Ural Mountains according to physical map, we can conclude that most of mineral development is carried out in the southern part of the region, or more precisely in Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions. Almost all types of ores are mined here, and a deposit of emeralds, gold and platinum was discovered not far from Alapaevsk and Nizhny Tagil in the Sverdlovsk region.
The area of the lower trough of the western slope is replete with oil and gas wells. The northern part of the region is somewhat inferior in deposits, but this is compensated by the fact that precious metals and stones predominate here.
Ural Mountains – leader in mining, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry. In addition, the region is in first place in Russia in terms of pollution level.
It should be taken into account that no matter how beneficial the development of underground subsoil is, the harm to the surrounding nature is more significant. The lifting of rocks from the depths of the mine is carried out by crushing with the release of large quantities of dust particles into the atmosphere.
At the top, the fossils enter into a chemical reaction with their surroundings, the process of oxidation takes place, and the chemical products thus obtained are again enters the air and water.
Attention! The Ural Mountains are known for their deposits of precious, semi-precious stones and precious metals. Unfortunately, they are almost completely exhausted, so Ural gems and malachite can now only be found in museums.
Peaks of the Urals
On the topographic map of Russia, the Ural Mountains are indicated in light brown. This means that they do not have great indicators relative to sea level. Among the natural areas, we can highlight the highest region located in the Subpolar region. The table shows the coordinates of the heights of the Ural Mountains and the exact size of the peaks.
The location of the peaks of the Ural Mountains is created in such a way that there are unique areas in each region of the system. Therefore, all listed heights are recognized tourist sites successfully used by people leading an active lifestyle.
On the map you can see that the Polar region is medium in height and narrow in width.
The nearby Subpolar region has the highest altitude and is characterized by sharp relief.
Of particular interest arises from the fact that several glaciers are concentrated here, one of which is almost as long as 1,000 m.
The height of the Ural Mountains in the Northern region is insignificant. The exception is a few peaks that dominate the entire ridge. The remaining heights, where the vertices are smoothed and they themselves have a rounded shape, do not exceed 700 m above sea level. Interestingly, closer to the south, they become even lower and almost turn into hills. The terrain is almost resembles a plain.
Attention! A map of the southern Ural Mountains with peaks more than one and a half kilometers away again reminds us of the ridge’s involvement in the huge mountain system separating Asia from Europe!
Big cities
A physical map of the Ural Mountains with cities marked on it proves that this area is considered abundantly populated. The only exception is the Polar and Subpolar Urals. Here several million-plus cities And a large number of those with a population of more than 100,000 people.
The population of the region is explained by the fact that at the beginning of the last century there was an urgent need for minerals in the country. This caused a large migration of people to the region where similar developments were taking place. In addition, in the early 60s and 70s, many young people left for the Urals and Siberia in the hope of radically changing their lives. This influenced the formation of new settlements being built on the site of rock mining.
Ekaterinburg
Capital of the Sverdlovsk region with population 1,428,262 people considered the capital of the region. The location of the metropolis is concentrated on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals. The city is the largest cultural, scientific, educational and administrative center. The geographical position of the Ural Mountains is created in such a way that it is here that the natural path connecting Central Russia and Siberia. This influenced the development of the infrastructure and economy of the former Sverdlovsk.
Chelyabinsk
The population of the city, which is located where the Ural Mountains, according to the geological map, border on Siberia: 1,150,354 people.
It was founded in 1736 on the eastern slope of the South Ridge. And with the advent of railway communication with Moscow, it began to develop dynamically and became one of the largest industrial centers in the country.
Over the past 20 years, the ecology of the region has deteriorated significantly, which has caused an outflow of population.
Nevertheless, today the volume of local industry is more than 35% of gross municipal product.
Ufa
The capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan with a population of 1,105,657 people is considered 31st city in Europe by population. It is located west of the Southern Ural Mountains. The length of the metropolis from south to north is more than 50 km, and from east to west - 30. In terms of size, it is one of the five largest Russian cities. In the ratio of population and occupied area, each resident accounts for about 700 m2 of urban territory.
"Ural Crossroads"
Geography teacher
MKOU "Sittsevkaya Secondary School" I.Yu. Zvonareva
- To form students' ideas about geographical location, borders, size of the Chelyabinsk region and its resources.
Lesson objectives aimed at achieving educational results:
- Personal - education of Russian civic identity, patriotism, respect for the native land, awareness of one’s belonging to the residents of the Chelyabinsk region;
- meta-subject – development of skills to establish cause-and-effect relationships, build logical reasoning and draw conclusions;
- subject – develop the ability to work with a map, describe the position and relative position of geographical objects, characterize the region’s geographical area, its borders in terms of their accessibility, name neighbors; provision of natural resources to individual territories of the region.
- Answer the questions Page. 6 Practice and write down the answers on the outline map.
- 1.What continent is Russia located on? (Atlas 6th grade, wall map of the world)
- 2. Using the physical map of Russia, determine in which part the Ural Mountains are located. What direction do the mountains have? (60°E)
- 3.Where in the Urals is the Chelyabinsk region located? Determine the latitude of Chelyabinsk, Moscow?
- 4.What natural planetary boundaries passes through the Chelyabinsk region? (page 26 textbook
- "Local history 6th grade")
At the border of the two parts of the world, Europe and Asia, lies an amazing region - the Urals.
Chelyabinsk region is the southern part of the Urals.
Our region is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, at a great distance from the seas and oceans. The peculiarity of the meridional location of the Ural Mountains predetermined its climate, especially in the Trans-Urals.
The first border between parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
The conditional border is drawn along the watershed ridges of the Ural Mountains and along the Ural River.
5. Draw on the contour map the border “between parts of the world - Europe and Asia” Kalyan Ridge, upper Ufa River, Zlatoust, Ural,
Verkhneuralsk
Magnitogorsk
6. On page 6 of the Workshop, find the answer to the question: “Who first proposed dividing the Eurasian continent into parts of the world?”
- The modern division of the Eurasian continent is based on justifications made by
- Tatishchev V. N.
- “... I consider these mountains to be the best natural separation of these two parts of the world,” he wrote in 1736, while in the Southern Urals.
TATISHCHEV Vasily Nikitich(1686-1750) Russian historian, statesman. In 1720-22 and 1734-37 he managed state-owned factories in the Urals.
Subsequently, memorial signs were installed. The first of them, the “Europe - Asia” obelisk, was erected in 1892 at the pass across the Ural ridge near Zlatoust.
This obelisk was made according to the design of the railway engineer and writer N.G. Garin-Mikhailovsky. (1852 – 1906)
7. On page 6 of the Workshop
Find which roads intersect here.
Show on the map of the Chelyabinsk region. What goods are transported?
South Ural Railway, which is a branch Trans-Siberian Railway, length 4562 km,
connecting the West and the East of the country.
The predominant cargo transported by rail is mineral raw materials (coal, iron ore),
ferrous metals, building materials,
cars,
bread, forest,
petroleum products and much more.
In the south of our region, the border runs along the Ural River. Therefore, bridges in Verkhneuralsk and Magnitogorsk across the Ural River have become a kind of geographical landmark.
8. Sign on the outline map
Zlatoust, Ural,
Verkhneuralsk
Magnitogorsk
The second planetary border between the Urals and Siberia passes through the city of Chelyabinsk.
The western and northwestern parts of the region are located in the Ural mountainous country.
The eastern and southeastern territories gravitate towards the West Siberian Lowland (flat plain with lakes and wetlands)
9.Apply to the contour map
Chelyabinsk
So I will find our region on the map of Russia...
On the border of the Middle and………Urals.
In the center of the country
13.Using page 27 of the textbook
“Local history 6th grade” determine the boundaries of the Chelyabinsk region and label it on the outline map
The total length of the region's borders is 2,750 km.
- In the north, our region borders with the Sverdlovsk region (260 km.)
- In the east - from the Kurgan region. (410 km.)
- In the south - from the Orenburg region. (200 km.)
- In the west – with Bashkortostan (1150 km).
- In the southeast, the border passes with Kazakhstan (730 km).
490 km
400 km
The Chelyabinsk region covers an area
88.5 thousand sq. km
From north to south, the territory of the region stretches for 490 km. (from 51 ° 57 ′ up to 56 ° 22 ′ N. latitude)
And from west to east – 400 km. (from 57 ° 05 ′ up to 63 ° 25 ′ v.d.)
15.Indicate latitudes on the contour map.
Extreme points of the region :
Northern – on the border with the Sverdlovsk region, the northernmost settlement is the village of Podkorytova (Kaslinsky district)
Eastern – on the border with the Kurgan region, the easternmost settlement is the village of Krutoyarsky (Oktyabrsky district)
South – on the border with Kazakhstan, near the village of Siny Shikhan (Bredinsky district)
Western – on the border with Bashkortostan, near the village of Tochilny (Asha district)
16. Letters S,Y,V,Z please indicate extreme points area, find the names in the text on pages 25-26 of the textbook.
The most high point region - Bolshoi Nurgush (1406 m above sea level) on the Nurgush ridge (Satkinsky district).
17. Show on the map the highest and lowest point of the Chelyabinsk region
The lowest place in the region is on the eastern border along the Uy River (100 m above sea level)
19. Determine the direction and distance from Chelyabinsk to Moscow
- It is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, at a great distance from the seas and oceans.
- Located in both Europe and Asia.
- It is located in the mountainous Middle and Southern Urals and on the West Siberian Plain.
- The meridian direction of the Ural Mountains passes through our region and forms the watershed of the rivers.
- Three natural zones converge in our region.
- On federal roads, goods are transported from west to east and vice versa.
- The Chelyabinsk region is located at the “Ural crossroads” geographical, historical, and natural.
- Currently, the region occupies an area of ... thousand sq. km and extends from south to north for ... km, from west to east - for ... km.
- The total length of the region’s borders is ... km.
- Name and show on the map the regions, republics and states with which our region borders. The Chelyabinsk region borders in the north with….., in the southeast with…, in the east with….., in the west with…….
- The Chelyabinsk region consists of...districts and....
- The region is home to...the urban population...and the rural population is...%?
- Answer the questions.
- Master the contents of the textbook and notes in the notebook.
- Textbook REGIONAL STUDIES. 6TH GRADE.
- § 4, pp. 25-28.